Richard Wolff on CapitalismAmherst professor Richard Wolff, is arguing that capitalism is a failure because events like the housing crisis keep occurring with some regularity.  Evil banks are “forcing debt” on more Americans who are downing under their bills.  He proposes that we should create low cost “community owned” housing for everyone.

Yes, Richard, because American Express and Discover showed up at your house, put a gun to your head and made you pick up a pen, place the tip of the pen on the cardholder contract, and sign your name to create a legally enforceable agreement.  You know, you had absolutely zero choice in the matter yourself.

Nor did you have any choice when you walked into stores and used that line of credit – instead of paying with savings or cash – to buy useless junk that immediately lost value.  I mean, you just couldn’t help yourself! The new throw pillows, big screen televisions, cigarettes, and beer were just too much temptation … no one expects you to only buy them if you can afford them, do they?  Surely not.

Oh, and when the first statements came and you chose not to pay the balance off in full, that wasn’t your fault, either.

Why?  Because business owners, executives, professionals and top athletes now make more money today on an inflation-adjusted basis relative to the average worker.  I mean, I’m not quite sure how that holds water considering our parents were able to live within their means on the same inflation-adjusted income we have now after factoring in expenses, but the fact these other people have more than us … something must be wrong, right?

Richard, you are so right.  It really is all the big, bad bank’s fault that people find themselves in debt at high interest rates.  Free will shouldn’t count for anything after all, and we should all be treated like naughty three year old children who didn’t realize the iron was hot.

But you, daddy, can save us from our own stupidity.  Heaven forbid there be consequences for our actions.  I mean, I’d like to shove doughnuts in my face all day but then I’d put on weight.  Can I complain to God because, if you are to be believed, this is unjust?  How dare he create a system where every action leads to a reaction and every cause has an effect! (more…)

Montblanc Star Chronograph Automatic WatchWhen I was 22 years old, or thereabouts, I bought a Swiss made Montblanc Star Chronograph Automatic stainless steel watch from Borsheim’s during the Berkshire Hathaway shareholder meeting.  I wanted something that would last, God willing, for the rest of my life and would remind me of when I was young, just starting out, and successfully building my first businesses and got to hear Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger speak to me as an owner of one of the greatest companies in history.  It was an emotional, keepsake purchase.  I’ve never regretted it, despite the fact I could have bought more stock with the money.

Sadly, the alligator strap on the watch is now broken so I have to replace it.  Turns out, they cost roughly $400, which is higher than I expected.  (The watch itself retails for $2,740 so it is proportionate, especially given it is authentic alligator skin.)

Still, I hate paying that much for a strap.  I’d gladly buy another watch but it kind of feels like when you have a tire blow out and you need to purchase a new one.  It’s not nearly as pleasant as buying a new car.  It also doesn’t help I don’t know if I want to go with a burgundy or black watch band … or maybe a dark green for money.

So, you consider that Buffett is 79.  The average American business earns 12% on book value (we earn much more but I’m going to go with average here).  If I were to put the $400 back into the business instead of replacing the watch strap, at 12% compounded, by the time I am Buffett’s age, I’ll have an extra $145,009.  That is the power of compound interest.  So, do I want to spend $500 to buy another watch strap today or do I want an extra $145,009 half a century from now by reinvesting the money?  That is what I need to decide.

How to Avoid Financial Stress

I was reading through the comments on an article about investing over at Yahoo Finance and a lot of people were whining about the fact that it is impossible to save money.  Only those who inherit their money can be rich (which you all already know is false based on the evidence).

A gentleman named Frank replied to the commentators:

How to Avoid Financial Stress

It is absolutely, positively true.  Pay cash.  Eliminate all debt.  No mortgage.  Save as much as you can.  For a vast majority of people, that is the best advice possible.  (There are exceptions, such as someone borrowing money by issuing 30-year mortgage bonds for a hotel company he owns and financing property acquisitions during a recession, for example, but these scenarios aren’t going to apply to very many folks!)

In fact, I have a family friend who is in her 70’s (I’ll call her Rose), who owns her house outright, has no debt, hundreds of thousands of dollars in the bank, and owns three or four rental houses in the neighborhood where she lives, all filled with renters paying her cash each month.  For most of her life, Rose earned less than $50,000 per year.  She just refused to buy things unless she could pay cash and when she took on a mortgage, she sent every extra dime she could safely part with into the bank to reduce the balance.  It is fair to say she has zero financial stress.

Rose didn’t have an inheritance.  She had no grand genius financial plan.  It was simple, plain vanilla saving and debt avoidance so the bank paid her interest rather than her paying the bank.

Does Geographic Location Influence Success?

I was speaking to a relative of mine when this person (who shall remain nameless) expressed horror that after living near New York for so long, I would buy a house near my parents in the Midwest.  “I thought you were going places!” they basically decried in exasperation.

It was then that I realized how truly stupid most people are when it comes to making money.  They have no idea how capital allocation works.  I started to get irritated and then I realized: If they knew how wrong they were, they would be rich themselves.  In a way, it was  a form of The Dunning-Kruger Effect.

I was quiet for a moment and decided to try and lay out my reasons, hoping they “get it” so they stop using their location as an excuse for not having what they want in life.

Here is what I told them:

  • I basically retired when I was 22 years old.  I never had to work for anyone else because my investments had been the focus of my life since I was a kid.  How would my location change the total profit earned by my investments?  Don’t I still own the same total shares of U.S. Bancorp?  Of Berkshire Hathaway?  Of General Electric?  Aren’t my operating companies still generating sales from the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Great Britain?  Don’t my writings still generate the same royalties month after month?  The fact is, I could be sitting in the middle of the boondocks rocking on a wooden rocking chair and money is still going to pour into headquarters, waiting for me to do something with it.
  • If I woke up tomorrow and wanted to have an apartment on Park Avenue, I would call a broker and it would be done.  It’s not that difficult.  Earnings would get paid out of the company as a dividend and I’ll have a pied a tier.  Likewise, if I wanted to work from the South of France, that could be arranged rather quickly, too.  Nothing is stopping me except for the fact that I am the type of person who would prefer to stay home reading by the fireplace and studying spreadsheets.  I like the Midwest.  Sure, I miss the culture of the East Coast, but that is why one of these days I’ll just secretly buy an apartment in a major city or a country estate in some place like Rancho Santa Fe, California and no one except my immediate family will know about it.

The only fool who would believe I would have some advantage in New York or Los Angeles is the type of person who sells their labor for a paycheck.  They have no idea how money, capital, investment, and compounding work.  And, honestly, it made me sad for them.  They are a good person.

Secret Millionaires are Everywhere

I mean, I know of at least half a dozen people in my old hometown with net worth ranges comfortably in the tens of millions of dollars.  You would never guess it if you ran into them.  One of them, as a matter of fact, had millions of dollars parked in a high-profile hedge fund despite living in an older house that is nothing special and driving an older model car. (more…)

The Secret: Strike Deals Where Everyone Has Limited Downside and Harness the Super Power of Incentive

Some of you have been writing to me privately and asking about the early days when we started out and were trying to build our companies.  I thought it would be useful to share some of the things we did during that time that worked out well … and maybe I’ll even talk about those things that didn’t work out so favorably.  I hope you find it useful in your own endeavors.

When Aaron and I started our first business years and years ago, we needed to get thousands of products coded and online.  That would have taken tens of thousands of dollars in cash upfront with no promise of payout later.  That was a risk we weren’t willing to take, so instead, we came up with an idea that mirrored Charlie Munger’s super power of incentive mental model.

We went to a jewelry store and department store to purchase a range of high-end gifts, which we knew would hold their value.  This included a diamond and ruby tennis bracelet, bottles of Chanel perfume, a diamond watch, etc.

We then approached several close friends and family members and made them a deal: If they were able to code [x] products successfully within 90 days, and those products were done well enough that they reached [y] in sales, we would give them the items.  We made it a competition.  That way, they were working as entrepreneurs and knew that if it didn’t work out, they got nothing (no paycheck) but if it did, they won big

The Moral of the Story

In other words, they had nothing to risk but time and had a shot at getting some fantastic gifts.  We had virtually no financial risk because, if things went poorly, we could either return the items or sell them for what we paid.  (Always have a financial backup plan.)  If things went well (they did), we got to pay them out of profits and not use any of our own cash. Everyone wins.

In the end, everyone was happy.  Giving those things away was one of the best experiences I’ve ever had because it felt good to reward those who worked hard and delivered results.  I visited one of the workers a few hours ago and was reminded of this program when I saw the gifts.  She let me take a photo with my iPhone.  I had forgotten what some of the things looked like, but I have to say: Aaron and I have taste.

What I want you to learn from this is how you structure your business deals is almost as important as the investment itself.  This is why Benjamin Graham said not to ask if “XYZ” was a good investment, but rather, “on what terms and at what price“. Had I added these people to payroll and created a fixed expense, it could have taken that company down before it got off the ground.  We forced the firm to pay for its own expansion out of earnings.

A Secondary Financial Lesson: Know Your Target Audience

(This experience also taught me something that I truly didn’t understand because I was, to be honest, a clueless guy: Many (not all) women love jewelry.  I mean love it.  They were more excited to receive items like this than cash.  I’d want the money.  Or stock certificates.  I grossly underestimated the power of stereotypes and was promptly rebuked by almost every female in my life with a giant, “duh”.  Had I known this, I would have gotten far more pieces like the bracelet shown here, which caused two hardworking, very intelligent women to almost fight.  The moral: Know what motivates your target audience. For me, getting paid in stock is a huge incentive.  For other people, not so much.)

Diamond and Ruby Bracelet with Bottle of Coco Chanel Mademoiselle Perfume

Years and years ago, Aaron and I came up with an incentive system that caused a group of hard working women to help us launch one of our first businesses. This is the diamond and ruby bracelet that served as one of the prizes to those who delivered the highest performance.

Department Store Sales Make Me Really Happy

JC Penny Ties and Dress Shirts

Department stores are now offering ties for less than $20. That's amazing!

Although I’m normally a Nordstrom’s guy myself, I have to say that after reading an article a few years ago (The Wall Street Journal or The Financial Times maybe?) about the vastly improved quality of department stores suits such as the J.C. Penny brand thanks to the use of expert tailors in Hong Kong for a fraction of the price and trying out the difference for myself, I have been genuinely shocked at how good the improvement is.  I waited until a 50% off sale and bought a couple of suits for $179 each instead of the usual $360 and they were great.  They now hang in my closet next to far more expensive Brooks Brothers and Burberry brands and, to be perfectly honest, I’m just as comfortable and content wearing either.

To be fair, since I’ve been back in the Midwest, I find myself wearing blue jeans, a cashmere sweater, and tennis shoes about 90% of the time.  The suits have sort of languished in my closet because my primary job is now capital allocation, we’re entirely internally funded so I don’t have to meet with investors, and there’s no point in wearing anything except for the sake of comfort.  (Today was actually the first day I had been dressed normally for a long time – a Brooks Brothers dress shirt with a blue Burberry, Ralph Lauren jacket, Johnston & Murphey shoes, Montblanc watch.)

JC Penny Suit Sale

Focus on quality and substance, not brands. Most people don't buy products for their utility, they buy them as "status symbols" that are meant to signal to other people, "I fall (insert class here) on the class system, I have (insert degree) educational credentials, and I am doing better than you. It is the same belief that causes some to think they can never be successful from a community college compared to a private school. That's ignorant and pathetic.

Anyway, J.C. Penny is having another suit sale and I am seriously considering buying several more.  I’m sure the people at Halls Department Store and Barney’s would be aghast at the notion of private label store brands lining the shelves along with Ermenegildo Zegna and Hickey Freeman but, frankly, that’s just too damn bad.  Charlie Munger taught me to focus on quality and substance, not marketing and illusion.  The same part of me that gets excited about stocks trading at a 5x p/e ratio or selling a product for a 500% markup gets downright ecstatic about the idea of saving that kind of money.

It’s just how I’m built.  I hardly ever pay full retail price for anything.  I just can’t help myself.  For example, at Nordstrom’s, if you wait until the Christmas sales when prices are nearly 50% off and use a Charles Schwab 2% cash back Platinum Visa (which you pay off in full, of course) so that part of your purchase gets credit back to your brokerage account as a dividend, you can usually get a fantastic suit from Burberry, Hickey Freeman, or Canali for only $300 to $700 (compared to the usual $600 to $1,500 per suit), plus find more money in your investment account with which you can buy stock!

Better yet, use American Express reward points gift certificates and your cost is zero.  Someone who owned a small business that generated $500,000 in sales and put $250,000 of his cost of goods on an American Express Platinum Card would get the equivalent of $2,500 in gift certificates to the vendor of his choice by cashing in points.  By waiting until the sale, you could get at least five really good suits that normally would cost $5,000 absolutely free.  Seriously, even if you weren’t making any more profit than the guy down the street, you would be living much better because of how you bought.  Hence, the old retail saying, “Well bought is well sold.”  Buying correctly is more than half of the battle to building a successful business and your net worth.

So, if you happen to be in the sales department of the local department stores, there’s a good chance you’ll see me over the next few days.

Side Story: The Competition

Brooke Edwards

To this day, Brooke Edwards remains the only person I know who can seriously challenge me when it comes to getting the most bang for the buck. She somehow has the ability to get free sofas and insanely nice merchandise for like, $3 or $7. I don't know how she does it. If there were a money saving Olympics, I would be nervous before she and I competed.

The only person who has ever matched my skills in the money saving department is a woman named Brooke Edwards.  She has the ability, somehow, to get $300 worth of merchandise for like $7.  (I’m not kidding – seriously.)  She would just show up at college and have free sofas or furniture.

If you ever need anything purchased or procured, Brooke Edwards is the woman to see.  Her skills are magical.

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